Kusukela ezinhlamvini ezincane, ukukhula kwamakhukhamba kunakekelwe ngokucophelela. Endaweni ye-nursery ye-greenhouse, imbewu yekhukhamba ihlwanyelwa ngobumnene ku-matrix ye-nursery, efana ne-nursery efudumele. Izinga lokushisa elifanele, umswakama kanye nezimo ezilula, njengokugona kukamama, ukunakekela ukuhluma kwembewu nokukhula kwezithombo. Lapho izithombo zikhula amaqabunga eqiniso angama-2-3, afana namasosha amancane asezoya empini futhi atshalwa kabusha emhlabeni omkhulu wendawo yokutshala i-greenhouse.
Ngemuva kokutshala, ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwemigqa nezitshalo zamakhukhamba kuhlelwa ngokucophelela. Isitshalo ngasinye sekhukhamba sinendawo eyanele, nezikhala zemigqa engu-100-120 cm kanye nezitshalo ezihlukanisa ama-30-40 cm. Bahlelwe ngobunono njengamasosha aqeqeshwe kahle. Lapha, bangajabulela ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele futhi baphefumule ngokukhululekile endaweni enomoya omuhle.
Ukuthena nokulenga imivini kuyizixhumanisi ezibalulekile ekukhuleni kwamakhukhamba. Njengokuthena izihlahla, abalimi bagcina imivini emikhulu ukuze bathele izithelo futhi basuse ngokucophelela imivini eseceleni kanye namathenda ukuze zonke izakhamzimba zigxile esithelweni. Izivini ezilengayo zivumela izitshalo zekhukhamba ukuthi zikhuphukele phezulu eduze kwezintambo, zisebenzisa ngokugcwele indawo eqondile ye-greenhouse, kuyilapho futhi ivumela ukukhanya kwelanga ukuba kufafazwe ngokulinganayo eqabungeni ngalinye, ukuthuthukisa umoya wokungenisa umoya kanye nezimo zokudlulisa ukukhanya, okuvumela ukhukhamba ukuba aphumelele endaweni ekhululekile.
Impova kanye nokuncipha kwezimbali nezithelo kuhlakaniphe nakakhulu. Kule ndlu ebamba ukushisa ngaphandle kwezinambuzane zemvelo ezikhiqiza impova, ukuvuthwa kwempova okusizwa ngokwenziwa noma ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo sekuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-cucumber fruiting ithela izithelo. Ukunciphisa izimbali nezithelo kufana nokuhlola ngokucophelela, ukususa lezo zithelo ezikhubazekile nezimbali zabesifazane ngokweqile, kushiya kuphela izithelo ezinempilo futhi ethembisa kakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ikhukhamba ingakhula igcwele futhi ibe yinhle.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo: umugqa oluhlaza wokuvikela ukuvikela ukhukhamba
Ekutshalweni kwamakhukhamba ezindlini zokugcina izingilazi zaseRussia, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo kuyimpi engenawo isibhamu, futhi ukuvimbela kuyisu eliyinhloko lale mpi. Emnyango we-greenhouse, umzila wokubulala amagciwane ufana nesango lenqaba eliqinile, elivimbela amagciwane kanye nezinambuzane ngaphandle komnyango. Wonke umuntu kanye nethuluzi elingena endlini ebamba ukushisa kumele babulawe amagciwane, njengokwamukela umbhabhadiso ongcwele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingaphakathi le-greenhouse lihlanjululwa njalo, ukhula nezinsalela ezigulayo zisuswa ngesikhathi, futhi wonke amakhona lapha agcinwa engenabala, angashiyi ithuba lezinambuzane nezifo.
Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokulawula umzimba. Inetha elivikela izinambuzane lifana nenetha elikhulu elivikelayo, elivikela izinambuzane ngonya; amabhodi aphuzi naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka afana nezicupho ezimnandi, eziheha izinambuzane ezifana nama-aphid, ama-whiteflies nama-thrips ukuba awele ogibeni; futhi isibani esibulala izinambuzane sikhanya ngendlela engaqondakali ebusuku, sicupha futhi sibulale izinambuzane ezindala, ukuze inani lezinambuzane linciphe kakhulu ngaphandle kokwazi.
Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuwumlingo kule mpi eluhlaza. Ukudedela izinambuzane eziyizitha zemvelo, njengezibungu ezihlasela izicabucabu kanye nama-trichogrammatids ngokumelene nama-cucumber borers, kufana nokubiza iqembu lamaqhawe anesibindi ukuze livikele ukhukhamba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo kuye kwanezela amandla aluhlaza kule mpi. Nakuba ziqeda izinambuzane nezifo, azilimazi imvelo kanye namakhukhamba ngokwawo.
Ezindlini zokugcina izingilazi zaseRussia, ukutshala ikhukhamba akuyona nje umsebenzi wokukhiqiza wezolimo, kodwa futhi ubuciko obuhlanganisa imiqondo yesayensi, ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ikhukhamba ngalinye lithwala umsebenzi onzima womlimi nokuphishekela ikhwalithi. Ngokuqina komhlaba obandayo nokunakekelwa kwe-greenhouse, bangena ezinkulungwaneni zemizi eRussia, babe yizitsha ezimnandi ematafuleni abantu, futhi balethe abantu ubusha nempilo yemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-13-2024