Incazelo
I-greenhouse, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-greenhouse.Isikhungo esikwazi ukudlulisa ukukhanya, sifudumale (noma ukushisa), futhi sisetshenziselwe ukutshala izitshalo.Ezinkathini zonyaka ezingafanele ukukhula kwezitshalo, zinganikeza isikhathi sokukhula kwe-greenhouse futhi kwandise isivuno.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezitshalo noma ukutshala izithombo zemifino ethanda izinga lokushisa, izimbali, amahlathi, njll. ezikhathini zokushisa eziphansi.I-greenhouse ingakwazi ukubona ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo okuhlakaniphile okungaphethwe muntu, ilawule ngokuzenzakalelayo indawo ebamba ukushisa, futhi iqinisekise ukukhula kwezitshalo zemali.Idatha eqoqwe yikhompyutha ingaboniswa futhi ibalwe ngokunembile.Ingalawuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni yokutshala yesimanje.
Uhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokugcina izithombo, ezingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezine ezilandelayo ngokusho kwezinto ezihlukene ze-roof truss, izinto zokukhanyisa, izimo nezimo zokushisa.
1. I-Plastic greenhouse
I-plastic-scale enkulu ye-multi-span greenhouse iyinhlobo ye-greenhouse evele eminyakeni eyishumi edlule futhi ithuthukiswe ngokushesha.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-greenhouse yengilazi, inezinzuzo zesisindo esincane, ukusetshenziswa okuncane kwefreyimu yezinto ezibonakalayo, izinga elincane le-shading lezingxenye zesakhiwo, izindleko eziphansi, impilo ende yenkonzo, njll. Ikhono layo lokulawula imvelo ngokuyisisekelo.
Ingafinyelela izinga elifanayo lezindlu zokugcina izithombo zengilazi, futhi ukwamukelwa ngabasebenzisi bezindlu zokugcina izithombo zepulasitiki kuphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yezindawo zokugcina izithombo zengilazi emhlabeni, futhi sekuye kwaba inkambo yokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zanamuhla.
2. I-greenhouse yengilazi
I-greenhouse yengilazi iyi-greenhouse enengilazi njengento yokumboza esobala.Lapho uklama isisekelo, ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla, kufanele futhi ube nokuzinza okwanele kanye nekhono lokumelana nokuxazululwa okungalingani.Isisekelo esixhunywe nokwesekwa phakathi kwamakholomu kufanele futhi sibe nokudluliswa kwamandla avundlile okwanele kanye nokuzinza kwendawo.Iphansi le-greenhouse kufanele libe ngaphansi kwesendlalelo senhlabathi efriziwe, futhi ukushisa ukushisa kungacabangela ithonya lokushisa ekujuleni okuqandisiwe kwesisekelo ngokusho kwesimo sezulu kanye nezimo zenhlabathi.Yiba nesisekelo esizimele.Ukhonkolo oqinisiwe uvame ukusetshenziswa.Isisekelo se-Strip.Isakhiwo samatshe (isitini, itshe) sivame ukusetshenziswa, futhi ukwakhiwa kwenziwa futhi ngokwakhiwa kwendawo.Indandatho kakhonkolo eqinisiwe ivame ukubekwa phezulu kwesisekelo ukuze kufakwe izingxenye ezishunyekiwe futhi kwandise amandla esisekelo.I-Greenhouse, iphrojekthi ye-greenhouse, umkhiqizi wamathambo abamba ukushisa.
Okwesithathu, i-solar greenhouse
Umthambeka ongaphambili umbozwe ukufakwa okushisayo ebusuku, kanti impumalanga, entshonalanga, nasenyakatho izinhlangothi yizindawo zokugcina izithombo zepulasitiki ezinomthambeko owodwa ezinezindonga ezivalekile, zibizwa ngokuthi yizindawo zokugcina izithombo zelanga.I-prototype yayo iyi-single-slope glass greenhouse.Isembozo esisobala somthambeka ongaphambili sithathelwa indawo ifilimu yepulasitiki esikhundleni sengilazi, eguquke yaba indawo ebamba ukushisa yelanga yakuqala.I-solar greenhouse ibonakala ngokulondoloza ukushisa okuhle, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, nokonga amandla, okufanele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemakhaya zezwe lami ezingathuthukisiwe ngokwezomnotho.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imisebe yelanga iwumthombo wamandla obalulekile wokugcina izinga lokushisa le-solar greenhouse noma ukugcina ibhalansi yokushisa;ngakolunye uhlangothi, imisebe yelanga iwumthombo wokukhanya we-photosynthesis yezitshalo.Ukugcinwa kokushisa kwe-solar greenhouse yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: isakhiwo sokugcinwa kokushisa kokugcina ukushisa kanye ne-quilt yokulondoloza ukushisa okuguquguqukayo.Impahla efaka ukushisa okushisayo emthambekeni ongaphambili kufanele yenziwe ngezinto eziguquguqukayo ukuze ibekwe kalula lapho seliphumile ilanga futhi ibekwe phansi ekushoneni kwelanga.Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha zokufakelwa kophahla lwangaphambili ikakhulukazi kugxile ezidingweni zokusebenza okulula kwemishini, intengo ephansi, isisindo esilula, ukumelana nokuguga, ukungangeni kwamanzi nezinye izinkomba.
Okwesine, i-plastic greenhouse
I-plastic greenhouse ingasebenzisa ngokugcwele amandla elanga, inomphumela othile wokulondoloza ukushisa, futhi ilawula izinga lokushisa nomswakama eshede ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile ngokugingqa ifilimu.
Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zepulasitiki ezifundeni ezisenyakatho: ikakhulukazi zidlala indima yokufudumala ukulima ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla sekwephuzile.Kungaba izinsuku ezingama-30-50 ngaphambili entwasahlobo futhi ezinsukwini ezingama-20-25 kamuva ekwindla.Ukutshalwa kwe-overwintering akuvunyelwe.Esifundeni esiseningizimu: Ngaphezu kokugcinwa kokushisa kwemifino nezimbali ebusika nasentwasahlobo, kanye nokutshalwa kwe-overwintering (imifino yamaqabunga), kungabuye kushintshwe umthunzi welanga, ongasetshenziselwa umthunzi nokupholisa, imvula, umoya, kanye ukuvimbela isichotho ehlobo nasekwindla.Izici ze-Plastic greenhouse: kulula ukwakha, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, iyindawo elula yokuvikela insimu yokulima.Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yepulasitiki, yamukelwa kabanzi ngamazwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Idivayisi eyinhloko
Ithuluzi lokutshala endlini ebamba ukushisa, okuhlanganisa umkhombe wokutshala, uhlelo lokuphakela amanzi, uhlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa, uhlelo lokukhanyisa olusizayo, kanye nesistimu yokulawula umswakama;umkhombe wokutshala ubekwe phansi efasiteleni noma wenze isikrini sokutshala izitshalo;uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ngokuzenzakalelayo luhlinzeka ngamanzi ngesikhathi nangenani elifanele;Isistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa ihlanganisa i-exhaust fan, i-hot fan, inzwa yezinga lokushisa kanye nebhokisi lokulawula izinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo ukuze kulungiswe izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi;uhlelo lokukhanyisa olusizayo luhlanganisa ukukhanya kwezitshalo kanye nesibonisi, esifakwe eduze kwendawo yokutshala, sinikeza ukukhanya lapho kungekho kukhanya kwasemini, ukuze izitshalo zikwazi ukuqhubeka ne-Photosynthesis, futhi ukuphindwa kokukhanya kuveza indawo enhle;uhlelo lokulawula umswakama lusebenzisana nesiphephetha-moya sokukhipha umoya ukuze silungise umswakama futhi sinciphise izinga lokushisa lasendlini.
Ukusebenza
Izindlu ezibamba ukushisa zifaka phakathi imisebenzi emithathu emikhulu: ukudluliswa kokukhanya, ukonga ukushisa, nokuqina.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Greenhouse
I-inthanethi Yezinto Ubuchwepheshe (Inwetshiwe)
Eqinisweni, ubuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto buwukuhlanganiswa nokusebenzisa okuhlanganisiwe kobuchwepheshe bokubona obuhlukahlukene, ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi besimanjemanje, kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela.Endaweni ebamba ukushisa, indawo ebamba ukushisa eyodwa ingasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto ukuze ibe indawo yokulawula ukulinganisa yenethiwekhi yenzwa engenantambo, isebenzisa izinzwa ezihlukene namanodi anama-actuator alula, njengamafeni, amamotho ane-voltage ephansi, ama-valve nokunye okuphansi. -ukubulawa kwamanje Inhlangano yakha inethiwekhi engenantambo ukukala umswakama we-substrate, ukwakheka, inani le-pH, izinga lokushisa, umswakama womoya, umfutho womoya, amandla okukhanya, ukugcwala kwe-carbon dioxide, njll., bese kuthi ngokuhlaziywa kwemodeli, ilawule ngokuzenzakalelayo indawo ebamba ukushisa, ukulawula ukuchelela kanye nokuvundisa, ukuze kutholwe izimo zokukhula kwezitshalo.
Emapaki ezolimo anezindlu zokugcina izithombo, i-inthanethi Yezinto ingakwazi futhi ukubona ukutholwa kolwazi oluzenzakalelayo nokulawula.Ngokuhlonyiswa ngamanodi wezinzwa ezingenantambo, i-wireless sensor node ngayinye ingakwazi ukuqapha imingcele ehlukahlukene yemvelo.Ngokuthola idatha ethunyelwe i-wireless sensor convergence node, ukugcina, ukubonisa kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha, ukutholwa, ukuphathwa, ukuhlaziya kanye nokucutshungulwa kolwazi lwawo wonke amaphuzu okuhlola ayisisekelo kungenziwa, futhi kungaboniswa kubasebenzisi ku-greenhouse ngayinye. ngendlela yamagrafu namajika enembile.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ulwazi oluhlukahlukene lwe-alamu nokukhanya kwe-alamu nolwazi lwe-alamu ye-SMS lunikezwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokutshala izitshalo, ukuze kuqashelwe ukuphathwa okude nokunenethiwekhi kwe-greenhouse.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto bungasetshenziswa ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqizwa kwe-greenhouse.Esigabeni lapho i-greenhouse isilungele ukufakwa ekukhiqizeni, ngokuhlela izinzwa ezihlukahlukene ku-greenhouse, ulwazi lwangaphakathi lwezemvelo lwe-greenhouse lungacutshungulwa ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuze ukhethe kangcono izinhlobo ezifanele zokutshala;esigabeni sokukhiqiza, ochwepheshe bangasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto ukuze baqoqe izinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse Izinhlobo ezahlukene zolwazi ezifana, nomswakamo, njll., ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphathwa okuhle.Isibonelo, isikhathi sokuvula nokuvalwa kwenetha le-shading singalawulwa inzwa ngokusekelwe kolwazi olufana nokushisa nokukhanya ku-greenhouse, futhi isikhathi sokuqalisa sesistimu yokushisa singalungiswa ngokusekelwe kolwazi lokushisa oluqoqiwe, njll;Ngemuva kokuthi umkhiqizo usuvuniwe, ulwazi oluqoqwe yi-inthanethi Yezinto lungasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kanye nezici zemvelo zezitshalo ezigabeni ezehlukene futhi ziziphindiselele emzuliswaneni olandelayo wokukhiqiza, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphatha okunembe kakhudlwana futhi kutholwe. imikhiqizo engcono.
Isimiso sokusebenza
I-greenhouse isebenzisa izinto zokumboza ezisobala kanye nemishini yokulawula imvelo ukwenza i-microclimate yendawo, futhi isungula izindawo ezikhethekile ezivumela ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezilimo.Indima ye-greenhouse ukudala izimo zemvelo ezifanele ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nentuthuko ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo.Imisebe yelanga ebuswa imisebe ye-shortwave ingena ku-greenhouse ngokusebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo ze-greenhouse.I-greenhouse izokwandisa izinga lokushisa elingaphakathi endlini kanye nezinga lokushisa futhi liguqule libe yimisebe ye-longwave.
Imisebe ye-long-wave ivinjwe yi-greenhouse covering material ku-greenhouse, ngaleyo ndlela yakha ukuqoqwa kokushisa kwangaphakathi.Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa lasekamelweni kubizwa ngokuthi “i-greenhouse effect”.I-greenhouse isebenzisa "i-greenhouse effect" ukufeza inhloso yokukhiqiza izitshalo, futhi idala indawo efanelekile yokukhula kwezitshalo phakathi nenkathi lapho izitshalo zingafaneleki ukutshalwa endaweni evulekile ngokulungisa izinga lokushisa lasendlini, ngaleyo ndlela andise isivuno sezitshalo.
Izinkinga zokuma nezindawo
Kungcono ukweqa ungqimba oluqandisiwe.Umklamo oyisisekelo we-greenhouse usekelwe esakhiweni se-geological kanye nezimo zezulu zendawo.Isisekelo sijulile kakhulu ezindaweni ezibandayo nasezindaweni zenhlabathi ezixekethile.
Ukukhetha indawo kufanele kube flat ngangokunokwenzeka.Ukukhethwa kwendawo ye-greenhouse kubaluleke kakhulu.Izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu, gwema izintaba eziphakeme nezakhiwo ezivimba ukukhanya, futhi kubasebenzisi bokutshala nokuzalanisa, amashede awanakwakhiwa ezindaweni ezingcolile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezinama-monsoon aqinile kufanele zicabangele ukumelana komoya kwe-greenhouse ekhethiwe.Ukumelana komoya kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezivamile kufanele kube ngaphezu kwezinga lesi-8.
I-orientation ye-greenhouse inethonya elikhulu kumthamo wokugcina ukushisa ku-greenhouse, ngokuqondene ne-greenhouse yelanga.Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho, kungcono ukuthi izindawo zokugcina izithombo eziseningizimu zibheke ngasentshonalanga.Lokhu kusiza i-greenhouse ukuthi ibuthelele ukushisa okwengeziwe.Uma kwakhiwa izindlu zokugcina izithombo eziningi, isikhala phakathi kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo akufanele sibe ngaphansi kobubanzi be-greenhouse eyodwa.
Ukuma kwe-greenhouse kusho ukuthi izinhloko ze-greenhouse zisenyakatho naseningizimu ngokulandelana.Lokhu kuqondiswa kwenza izitshalo eziku-greenhouse zisakazwe ngokulinganayo.
Izinto zodonga ze-greenhouse zingasetshenziswa inqobo nje uma zinokulondolozwa okuhle kokushisa kanye nomthamo wokugcina ukushisa.Udonga lwangaphakathi lwe-greenhouse olugcizelelwe lapha kufanele lube nomsebenzi wokugcina ukushisa, futhi ukwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse yelanga kufanele kuhambisane nezimo zendawo.Ukuze ugcine ukushisa.Ebusuku, lokhu kushisa kuzokhishwa ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa eshede.Izindonga zezitini, izindonga zikasimende zikasimende, nezindonga zenhlabathi konke kunamandla okugcina ukushisa.Ngokuvamile kungcono ukwamukela isakhiwo ngezitini-ukhonkolo ezindongeni zokugcina izithombo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-07-2021